United States Navy SEALs

Monday, 27 July 2015

The u.  s. Navy's ocean, Air, Land Teams, normally referred to as the Navy SEALs, are the U.S. Navy's principal special operations force and a region of the service Special Warfare Command and u.  s. Special Operations Command. The SEALs' duty is to conduct small-unit maritime military operations that originate from, and come to a watercourse, ocean, swamp, delta, or outline. SEALs will talk over shallow water areas like the Persian Gulf outline, wherever giant ships and submarines ar restricted owing to depth.

"SEAL" is usually capitalized in regard to members of the service Special Warfare community. The Navy SEALs ar trained to control all told environments (Sea, Air, and Land) that they're named. SEALs also are ready to control during a sort of climates, like desert, arctic, and jungle.

All SEALs ar male members of the u.  s. Navy.The CIA's extremely closelipped Special Activities Division (SAD) and a lot of specifically its elite Special Operations cluster (SOG) recruits operators from the SEAL groups. Joint Navy SEALs and United States intelligence agency operations return to the MACV-SOG throughout the warfare. This cooperation still exists these days and is seen within the wars in Asian country and Islamic State of Afghanistan

Origins

The modern day U.S. Navy SEALs will trace their roots to warfare II.The u.  s. Navy recognized the necessity for the covert intelligence activity of landing beaches and coastal defenses. As a result, the Amphibious Scout and Raider college was established in 1942 at Fort Pierce, Florida. The Scouts and Raiders were shaped in September of that year, simply 9 months when the attack on Pearl Harbor, from the Observer cluster, a joint U.S. Army-Marine-Navy unit

Scouts and Raiders

Recognizing the necessity for a beach reconnaissance mission force, a get cluster of Army and Navy personnel assembled at Amphibious coaching Base very little Creek, Virginia on August 15, 1942 to start Amphibious Scouts and Raiders (joint) coaching. The Scouts and Raiders mission was to spot and reconnoitre the target beach, maintain a foothold on the selected beach before a landing, and guide the assault waves to the landing beach.

The first cluster enclosed Phil H. Bucklew, the "Father of service Special Warfare," once whom the service Special Warfare Center building is called. Commissioned in Oct 1942, this cluster saw combat in Gregorian calendar month 1942 throughout Operation Torch on the geographic area coast. Scouts and Raiders additionally supported landings in Sicily, Salerno, Anzio, Normandy, and southern France.

A second cluster of Scouts and Raiders, code-named Special Service Unit No. 1, was established on seven Gregorian calendar month 1943, as a joint and combined operations force. the primary mission, in Gregorian calendar month 1943, was at Finschafen on island. Later operations were at Gasmata, Arawe, Cape Gloucester, and also the East and South coast of latest United Kingdom, all with none loss of personnel. Conflicts arose over operational matters, and every one non-Navy personnel were reassigned. The unit, renamed seventh Amphibious Scouts, received a brand new mission, to travel onto land with the assault boats, buoy channels, erect markers for the incoming craft, handle casualties, take offshore soundings, clear beach obstacles and maintain voice communications linking the troops onto land, incoming boats and near  ships. The seventh Amphibious Scouts conducted operations within the Pacific for the period of the conflict, taking part in additional than forty landings.

The third and final Scouts and Raiders organization operated in China. Scouts and Raiders were deployed to fight with the Sino-American Cooperative Organization, or SACO. to assist bolster the work of SACO, Admiral Ernest J. King ordered that a hundred and twenty officers and 900 men be trained for "Amphibious Raider" at the Scout and Raider college at Fort Pierce, Florida. They shaped the core of what was visualized as a "guerrilla amphibious organization of usa citizens and Chinese operational from coastal waters, lakes and rivers using little steamboats and sampans." whereas most Amphibious Raider forces remained at Camp Knox in Kolkata, 3 of the teams saw active service. They conducted a survey of the higher Yangtze within the spring of 1945 and, disguised as coolies, conducted a close three-month survey of the Chinese coast from Shanghai to Kitchioh Wan, close to port

Naval Combat Demolition Units

In Sep 1942, seventeen Navy salvage personnel found ATB very little Creek, VA for per week long course in demolitions, explosive cable cutting and commando predatory techniques. On Nov ten, 1942, the primary combat demolition unit with success cut cable and web barriers across the gully Sebou stream throughout Operation Torch in geographical area. This enabled the USS Dallas (DD-199) to traverse the water and insert U.S. Rangers WHO captured the Port Lyautey field.

On seven could 1943, commissioned naval officer dealer L. Kauffman, "The Father of service Combat Demolition," was directed to line up a faculty associate degreed train folks to eliminate obstacles on associate degree enemy-held beach before an invasion. On vi Gregorian calendar month 1943, LCDR Kauffman established service Combat Demolition Unit coaching at Fort Pierce. Most of Kauffman's volunteers came from the navy's engineering and construction battalions. coaching commenced with a backbreaking week designed to filter under-performing candidates. By Gregorian calendar month 1944, a complete of thirty four NCDUs were deployed to European nation in preparation for Operation swayer, the military action at geographical area. On vi Gregorian calendar month 1944, within the face of nice adversity, the NCDUs at Omaha Beach managed to blow eight complete gaps and 2 partial gaps within the German defenses. The NCDUs suffered thirty one killed and sixty wounded, a casualty rate of fifty two. Meanwhile, the NCDUs at Mormon State Beach met less intense enemy hearth. They cleared 700 yards (640 metres) of beach in 2 hours, another 900 yards (820 metres) by the afternoon.

Casualties at Mormon State Beach were considerably lighter with six killed and eleven wounded. throughout Operation swayer, not one demolitioneer was lost to improper handling of explosives. In August 1944, NCDUs from Mormon State Beach participated within the landings in southern France, the last military operation within the European Theater of Operations. NCDUs additionally operated within the Pacific theater. NCDU 2, beneath LTjg Frank Kaine, when whom the service Special Warfare Command building is known as, and NCDU three beneath LTjg actor Anderson, shaped the nucleus of six NCDUs that served with the Seventh Amphibious Force tasked with clearing boat channels when the landings from Biak to island

OSS Operational Swimmers

Some of the earliest war II predecessors of the SEALs were the Operational Swimmers of the workplace of Strategic Services, or OSS. several current SEAL missions were initial appointed to them. OSS specialised in special operations, dropping operatives behind enemy lines to interact in organized guerrilla warfare additionally on gather data on such things as enemy resources and troop movements. British Combined Operations veteran LCDR Wooley, of the Royal Navy, was placed accountable of the OSS Maritime Unit in Gregorian calendar month 1943. Their coaching started in November 1943 at Camp Pendleton, California, enraptured to island Island, CA in Jan 1944, and eventually enraptured to the hotter waters of The Bahamas in March 1944. at intervals the U.S. military, they pioneered versatile swimfins and diving masks, electric circuit diving instrumentality (under the direction of Dr. Christian J. Lambertsen), the utilization of Swimmer Delivery Vehicles (a kind of submersible), and combat swimming and limpet mine attacks. In might 1944, commissioned military officer "Wild Bill" Donovan, the pinnacle of the OSS, divided the unit into teams. He loaned cluster one, beneath Lieutenant Choate, to Nimitz, as the simplest way to introduce the OSS into the Pacific theater. They became a part of UDT-10 in July 1944. 5 OSS men participated within the terribly initial UDT submarine operation with the USS spiny puffer within the Caroline Islands in August 1944.

Underwater Demolition groups (UDT)

UDT members victimisation the casting technique from a dashing boat
On twenty three November 1943, the U.S. Marine landing on Tarawa coral reef emphasised the necessity for hydrographical reconnaissance mission and underwater demolition of obstacles before any landing. The islands during this space have unpredictable tide changes and shallow reefs preventing the armed service transport vessels from progressing. the primary wave crossed the reef in Amtracs, however the second in Higgins boats weren't as undefeated. They got stuck on a reef as a result of tide. The Marines were forced to unload and wade to shore. This evidenced to be a frightening task and plenty of Marines were killed or submerged before reaching the beach. while not support from the second wave the Marines in Amtracs were slaughtered on the beach. This was a valuable lesson that the Navy didn't need to be perennial. once the Tarawa landing, flag officer state capital K. Turner directed the formation of 9 Underwater Demolition groups. Thirty officers and one hundred fifty noncommissioned men were emotional to the Waimānalo Amphibious coaching Base to create the nucleus of a demolition educational program. This cluster became Underwater Demolition groups (UDT) ONE and 2.

The UDTs saw their 1st combat on thirty one Jan 1944, throughout Operation Flintlock within the Marshall Islands. Flintlock became the important catalyst for the UDT educational program within the Pacific Theater. In Feb 1944, the armed service Combat Demolition coaching and Experimental Base was established at Kīhei, Maui, next to the Amphibious Base at Kamaole. Eventually, thirty four UDT groups were established. sporting swim suits, fins, and dive masks on combat operations, these "Naked Warriors" saw action across the Pacific in each major landing including: Eniwetok, Saipan, Guam, Tinian, Angaur, Ulithi, Peleliu, Leyte, Lingayen Gulf, Zambales, Iwo Jima, Okinawa, Labuan, Brunei Bay, and on four Gregorian calendar month 1945 at Balikpapan on island, that was the last UDT demolition operation of the war. The speedy social control at the conclusion of the war reduced the quantity of active duty UDTs to 2 on every coast with a complement of seven officers and forty five noncommissioned men every

Korean War

The Korean War began on twenty five Gregorian calendar month 1950, once the North Korean army invaded Asian country. starting with a detachment of eleven personnel from UDT three, UDT participation distended to a few groups with a combined strength of three hundred men. throughout the "Forgotten War" the UDTs fought heroically, starting to use demolition experience gained from WWII ANd use it for an offensive role. continued to use water as cowl ANd concealment yet as an insertion technique, the Korean Era UDTs targeted bridges, tunnels, fishing nets and different maritime and coastal targets. They conjointly developed a detailed operating relationship with the Republic of Choson armed service Special Forces that continues nowadays.

The UDTs refined and developed their commando ways throughout the Korean War, through their centered efforts on demolitions and disposal. The UDTs conjointly attended South Korean commandos on raids within the North to demolish train tunnels. This was frowned upon by higher-ranking officers as a result of they believed it absolutely was a non-traditional use of navy. as a result of the character of the war the UDTs maintained an occasional operational profile. a number of the missions embody transporting spies into North Korea and therefore the destruction of North Korean fishing nets wont to offer the North Korean Army.

As a part of the Special Operations cluster, or SOG, UDTs with success conducted demolition raids on railroad tunnels and bridges on the Korean coast. The UDTs specialised in an exceedingly somewhat new mission: Night coastal demolition raids against railroad tunnels and bridges. The UDT men got the task as a result of, within the words of UDT Lieutenant tough guy Fielding, "We were able to do what no one else might do, and what no one else wished to try to to." (Ted Fielding was awarded the ribbon throughout Choson, and was later promoted to the rank of Captain). On fifteen Sept 1950, UDTs supported Operation mineral, the military action at metropolis. UDT one and three provided personnel United Nations agency went in before the craft, reconnaissance mud flats, marking low points within the channel, clearing fouled propellers, and finding out mines. Four UDT personnel acted as wave-guides for the Marine landing. In Gregorian calendar month 1950, UDTs supported mine-clearing operations in Wonsan Harbor wherever frogmen would find and mark mines for minesweepers. On twelve Gregorian calendar month 1950, two U.S. minesweepers hit mines and sank. UDTs saved twenty five sailors. succeeding day, William Giannotti conducted the primary U.S. combat operation victimisation AN "aqualung" once he dove on the USS Pledge (AM-277). For the rest of the war, UDTs conducted beach and stream intelligence activity, infiltrated guerrillas behind the lines from ocean, continued  mine sweeping operations, and took part operative fishing net, that destroyed the North Korean's fishing capability

Birth of Navy SEALs and Vietnam

Main article: Vietnam War
President John F. Kennedy, attentive to true in Southeast Asia, recognized the requirement for unconventional warfare and special operations as a live against guerrilla warfare. in a very speech, to Congress, on twenty five could 1961, Kennedy spoke of his deep respect for the u.  s. Army U. S. Army Special Forces. whereas his announcement of the government's commit to place a person on the moon John Drew most of the eye, within the same speech he proclaimed his intention to pay over $100 million to strengthen U.S. special operations forces and expand yank capabilities in unconventional warfare. Some folks mistakenly credit Jack Kennedy with making the Navy SEALs. His announcement was really solely a proper acknowledgement of a method that had been beneath manner since Korea.

The Navy required to see its role inside the special operations arena. In March 1961, Admiral Arleigh Burke, the Chief of armed service Operations, suggested the institution of guerrilla and counter-guerrilla units. These units would be able to operate from ocean, air or land. This was the start of the Navy SEALs. All SEALs came from the Navy's Underwater Demolition groups, WHO had already gained intensive expertise in commando warfare in Korea; but, the Underwater Demolition groups were still necessary to the Navy's amphibious force.


Members of SEAL Delivery Vehicle Team 2 in a very Dry Deck Shelter of the submerged USS city
The first 2 groups were shaped in January 1962 and stationed on each United States coasts: Team One at armed service Amphibious Base Coronado, in metropolis, Golden State and Team 2 at armed service Amphibious Base very little Creek, in Virginia Beach, Virginia. shaped entirely with personnel from UDTs, the SEALs mission was to conduct counter guerilla warfare and surreptitious operations in maritime and riverine environments.Men of the new shaped SEAL groups were trained in such unconventional areas as close combat, high-altitude jump, demolitions, and foreign languages. The SEALs attended Underwater Demolition Team replacement coaching and that they spent your time coaching in UDTs. Upon creating it to a SEAL team, they might bear a SEAL Basic teaching (SBI) coaching category at Camp Kerry within the Cuyamaca Mountains. once SBI coaching category, they might enter a platoon and conduct platoon coaching.

According to introduction SEAL team member Roy Jakob Bohme, the SEAL's initial missions were directed against communist Cuba. These consisted of deploying from submarines and ending beach intelligence operation in prelude to a planned United States amphibious invasion of the island. On a minimum of one occasion Jakob Bohme and another SEAL illegal a United States intelligence agency agent on land to require photos of Soviet nuclear missiles being blank on the side.

The Pacific Command recognized Vietnam as a possible hot spot for unconventional forces. At the start of 1962, the UDTs started hydrographical surveys and beside alternative branches of the United States Military, the Military help Command Vietnam (MACV) was shaped. In March 1962, SEALs were deployed to Asian nation as advisors for the aim of coaching Army of the Republic of Vietnam commandos within the same ways they were trained themselves.

The Central intelligence began victimisation SEALs in covert operations in early 1963. The SEALs were concerned within the United States intelligence agency sponsored Phoenix Program wherever it targeted key North Vietnamese Army personnel and Vietcong sympathizers for capture and assassination.

The SEALs were at the start deployed in and around prosecuting officer Nang, coaching the South Vietnamese in combat diving, demolitions, and guerrilla/anti-guerrilla techniques. because the war continued , the SEALs found themselves positioned within the Rung Sabbatum Special Zone wherever they were to disrupt the enemy provide and troop movements and within the river Delta to meet riverine operations, fighting on the landlocked waterways.


SEALs on patrol within the river Delta
Combat with the Viet Cong was direct. in contrast to the standard warfare ways of firing artillery into a coordinate location, the SEALs operated near their targets. Into the late Sixties, the SEALs were roaring in a very new kind of warfare, effective in anti-guerrilla and guerrilla actions. SEALs brought a private war to the enemy in a very antecedently safe space. The Viet Cong spoken them as "the men with inexperienced faces," because of the camouflage face paint the SEALs wore throughout combat missions.

In Gregorian calendar month 1966, atiny low SEAL Team One detachment arrived in Vietnam to conduct direct actions missions. operative from Nha Be, within the Rung Sabbatum Special Zone, this detachment signaled the start of a SEAL presence that may eventually embrace eight SEAL platoons in country on a seamless basis. SEALs conjointly served as advisors for Provincial intelligence operation Units and also the Lein Doc Nguio Nhia, the Vietnamese SEALs. The last SEAL platoon departed Vietnam on Dec seven, 1971. The last SEAL consultant left in March 1973.

SEALs continued  to form forays into Asian nation and Laos, and covertly into Cambodia, controlled by the Studies and Observations cluster. The SEALs from Team 2 started a singular preparation of SEAL team members operating alone with South Vietnamese Commandos (ARVN). In 1967, a SEAL unit named Detachment Bravo (Det Bravo) was shaped to work these mixed United States and ARVN units, that were known as South Vietnamese Provincial intelligence operation Units (PRUs).

At the start of 1968, the North Vietnamese and also the Viet Cong musical group a serious offensive against South Vietnam: the "Tet Offensive". The North hoped it might convince be America's Dien Bien Phu, making an attempt to interrupt the yank public's need to continue the war. As information, the day Offensive was roaring in adding to the yank protest of the Vietnam War. However, Asian nation suffered tremendous casualties, and from a strictly military stance, the day Offensive was a serious disaster for the Communists.

By 1970, President United States President initiated a thought of Vietnamization, which might take away the United States from the Vietnam War and come the responsibility of defense back to the South Vietnamese. typical forces were being withdrawn; the last SEAL consultant, left Vietnam in March 1973 and Vietnam fell to the communists in 1975. The SEALs were among the best adorned units for his or her size within the war, receiving two Navy Crosses, forty two Silver stars, 402 Bronze Stars, two Legions of benefit, 352 Commendation Medals, three Presidential Unit Citations and three Medals of Honor. By the tip of the war, forty eight SEALs had been killed in Vietnam, however estimates of their kill count area unit as high as two,000. The sailor boy repository in Fort Pierce, FL displays an inventory of the forty eight SEALs WHO lost their lives in combat throughout the Vietnam War.

Death of Osama bin Laden

Main article: Death of Osama Usama bin Laden
In the early morning of First of May, 2011 time, a team of forty Navy SEALs along side a Belgian Belgian sheepdog Military Canis familiaris (Cairo), support by Special Activities Division officers on the bottom, killed Osama Usama bin Laden in Abbottabad, Pakistan regarding thirty five miles (56 km) from capital of Pakistan during a CIA operation. The Navy SEALs were a part of the military service Special Warfare Development cluster (DEVGRU), antecedently known as "SEAL Team 6". President Barack Obama later confirmed the death of Usama bin Laden, however failed to directly mention the involvement of DEVGRU, spoken communication solely that a "small team" of usa citizens undertook the operation to bring down Usama bin Laden. The unprecedented  media coverage raised the general public profile of the SEAL community, notably the counter-terrorism specialists ordinarily called SEAL Team vi. The film producer Company tried unsuccessfully to trademark the name "SEAL Team 6" the day once the raid. The official name of the operation was Operation NEPTUNE SPEAR. The model of the compound utilized in the hr documentary was given by CBS to the bluejacket repository.

Wardak Province eggbeater crash

Main article: 2011 Chinook shootdown in Asian country
On vi August 2011, seventeen Navy SEALs were killed once their CH-47 Chinook eggbeater was shot down by Associate in Nursing RPG unemployed by Taleban militants. The SEALs were on the

way to support U.S. Army Rangers World Health Organization were taking hearth whereas making an attempt to capture a senior Taleban leader within the Tangi depression. Fifteen of the SEALs belonged to the military service Special Warfare Development cluster. 2 others were SEALs allotted to a West Coast-based military service Special Warfare unit. a complete of thirty Americans and eight Afghans were killed within the crash, creating it the one largest loss of yankee lives within the international War on terrorist act.

Morning Glory oil tanker

On March sixteen, 2014, USN SEALs took management of MV vine, a tanker choked with oil loaded from a rebel-held port in African nation. The raid by Navy SEALs transpire in body of water off the coast of Cyprus

SEAL Teams

SEAL groups ar organized into 2 groups: service Special Warfare cluster One (West Coast), and service Special Warfare cluster 2 (East Coast), that return underneath the command of service Special Warfare Command, stationed at NAB Coronado, California. As of 2006, there ar eight confirmed Navy SEAL groups. the first SEAL groups within the Vietnam were separated between West Coast (Team ONE) and geographic region (Team TWO) SEALs. the present SEAL Team deployments embody groups one, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 10. the foremost recent to come back into being ar SEAL Team seven and SEAL Team ten, that were fashioned in March and Gregorian calendar month 2002 severally.

The groups deploy as service Special Warfare Squadrons or Special Operations Task Forces and might deploy anyplace within the world. Squadrons can usually be deployed and fall into a Joint Task Force (JTF) or a Combined Joint Special Operations Task Force (CJSOTF) as a Special Operations Task Force (SOTF).


SEAL Team five conducts associate exercise during a Combat Rubber predatory Craft in 2000
Each SEAL Team is commanded by a Navy Commander (O-5), and incorporates a variety of operational SEAL platoons and a headquarters part.

A SEAL Team incorporates a employees Headquarters part and 3 40-man Troops. every Troop comprises a Headquarters part consisting of a Troop Commander, usually a commissioned naval officer (O-4), a Troop Senior noncommissioned (E-8), a Targeting/Operations Officer (O-2/3) and a Targeting/Operations Leading/Chief noncommissioned officer (E-6/7). underneath the headquarters part ar 2 SEAL platoons of 16–20 men (two officers, 14–16 noncommissioned SEALs, and generally allotted non-NSW support personnel); a company-sized Combat Service Support (CSS) and/or Combat Support (CS) consisting of employees N-codes (the Army and Marine Corps use S-codes); N1 body support, N2 Intelligence, N3 Operations, N4 provision, N5 Plans and Targeting, N6 Communications, N7 coaching, and N8 Air/Medical.

Each Troop may be task organized for operational functions into four squads, of eight 4–5 man fireplace groups. the scale of every SEAL “Team” with Troops and support employees is more or less three hundred personnel. the everyday SEAL platoon has associate OIC (Officer responsible, sometimes a Lieutenant (O-3)), associate AOIC (Assistant Officer responsible, sometimes a Lieutenant (junior grade), O-2), a platoon chief (E-7), associate Operations NCO/LPO (Leading noncommissioned officer, E-6) and different operators (E-4 to E-6). The core leadership within the Troop and Platoon ar the Commander/OIC and also the Senior noncommissioned NCO (Senior Chief/Chief).

Troop core skills consist of: crack shot, Breacher, individual, Maritime/Engineering, shut Air Support, Corpsman, Point-man/Navigator, Primary Driver/Navigator (Rural/Urban/Protective Security), serious Weapons Operator, Sensitive web site Exploitation, Air Operations Master, Lead Climber, Lead Diver/Navigator, questioner, Explosive Ordnance Disposal, Technical police investigation, and Advanced Special Operations.

Naval Amphibious Base very little Creek, a service base in urban center, Virginia, is home to SEAL groups a pair of, 4, 8, and 10. service Amphibious Base Coronado, a service base in Coronado, California, is home to SEAL groups one, 3, 5, and 7. there's additionally a SEAL Delivery Vehicle (SDV) unit, SDVT-1, situated in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. SDVT-2 was primarily based in Virginia; it absolutely was disestablished and united into SDVT-1. SDV groups ar SEAL groups with another underwater delivery capability. associate SDV platoon consists of 12–15 SEALs. unclassified locations:

Insignia	Team	Deployment	Number of Platoons	HQ	Notes
	SEAL Team 1	Worldwide	6 Platoons	Coronado, California
	SEAL Team 2	Worldwide	6 Platoons	Little Creek, Virginia	SEAL Team 2 is the only SEAL Team that has full-fledged arctic warfare capabilities[48]
	SEAL Team 3	Middle East	6 Platoons	Coronado, California
	SEAL Team 4	Worldwide	6 Platoons	Little Creek, Virginia
	SEAL Team 5	Worldwide	6 Platoons	Coronado, California
	Naval Special Warfare Development Group	Worldwide	Classified	Dam Neck, Virginia	SEAL Team 6 was dissolved in 1987. The Navy then established the Naval Special Warfare Development Group, also known as DEVGRU. While DEVGRU is administratively supported by Naval Special Warfare Command, they are operationally under the command of the Joint Special Operations Command
	SEAL Team 7	Worldwide	6 Platoons	Coronado, California
	SEAL Team 8	Worldwide	6 Platoons	Little Creek, Virginia
	SEAL Team 10	Middle East	6 Platoons	Little Creek, Virginia
	SEAL Delivery Vehicle Team One	Worldwide	4 Platoons	Pearl Harbor, Hawaii Dets in: Little Creek, Virginia San Diego, California

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