Leptophlebia marginata

Friday 21 August 2015

Leptophlebia marginata, the sepia dun, could be a species of ephemeropteran within the family Leptophlebiidae. it's native to Europe and North America wherever it's distributed wide close to lakes, ponds and slow streams. The larvae, that ar referred to as nymphs, ar aquatic.

Distribution and habitat

Leptophlebia marginata happens within the holarctic region, in Europe and North America, together with each temperate and Arctic habitats.

it's related to the sides of lakes and ponds, and also the backwaters of slow rivers and streams.

Ecology

Adult Leptophlebia marginata emerge from the aquatic nymph's final moult throughout daytime in early summer. the ultimate arthropod nymph crawls to the surface of the water, or climbs onto associate nascent plant stem, a stick or a rock, its skin splits and it emerges as a winged adult. The males fly in swarms throughout the day. impregnated females have concerning 1200 eggs and fly over the water, dipping the information of their abdomens within the water to get little batches of eggs, or landing concisely on the surface to deposit their eggs. after they end birthing, they're exhausted and shortly die.

The eggs hatch into aquatic nymphs that go on or within the sediment at rock bottom of shallow water and climb concerning on submerged plants. They kill detritus, winnowing organic particles from the mud. Their amount of development lasts for nearly a year by which era they're able to remodel into adults. there's one generation every year.

L. marginata will act as associate alternate host for the parasitic worm Cystidicoloides tenuissima that infects soft-finned fish fish (salmon and trout) and is found in their stomachs. The shadfly nymph feeds on the eggs of the worm, and if the nymph is ingested by a fish of the soft-finned fish family, then the fish becomes infected.

Research
Tests were undertaken on the results of pollutants and acidic conditions on this ephemerid. The nymphs were very {little} plagued by low hydrogen ion concentration values and bio-accumulated Cd with little apparent adverse result, however emergence was perceptibly reduced. in a very separate experiment, increasing levels of iron at low and traditional hydrogen ion concentration levels caused the nymphs to prevent feeding and become constipated , however few died except at low hydrogen ion concentration and high levels of iron. once came to traditional conditions, the nymphs resumed feeding and growth.

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References

Jump up ^ The Transactions of the Royal zoological science Society of London. The Society. 1871. p. 46.

^ Jump up to: a b c "Leptophlebia marginata (Sepia dun)". Riverflies observation information. The Riverfly Partnership. Retrieved 2015-07-14.

^ Jump up to: a b Poulin, Henry M. Robert (2011). organic process Ecology of Parasites: (Second Edition). Princeton University Press. p. 174. ISBN 1-4008-4080-5.

Jump up ^ Gerhardt, A. (1990). "Effects of acute doses of metal on pH-stressed Leptophlebia marginata (L.) and Baetis rhodani Pictet (Insecta: Ephemeroptera)". Environmental Pollution sixty seven (1): 29–42. PMID 15092224.

Jump up ^ Gerhardt, A. (1992). "Effects of acute doses of iron (Fe) on Leptophlebia marginata (Insecta: Ephemeroptera)". fresh Biology twenty seven (1): 79–84. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2427.1992.tb00524.x